Last Updated on October 9, 2023
geschlossene Tür – from schließen, so Gestiefelte Kater – from stiefeln and beanzugter Mann – from anzugen, really?
There is an original form of adjectives in German. They have a connection with nouns, but pretend that they are formed from verbs and have the form of participles. There are not many of these words, but they are among the very common ones.
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The list differs in different sources, since some words still have corresponding verbs, but it is not certain that the word is derived from them, and not from nouns. It is not so important for us whether the verbs were lost along the way of history or whether these words were formed simply by analogy.
Pseudo-participles are formed with the prefixes
- be-,
- ge-,
- ent-, + the suffix -t
- ver-,
- zer-
Meanings are often associated with appearance or status. Analogs or translations are often a noun with the preposition: in a flower, in the neighborhood.
I list most of these words. I did not indicate very rare ones. * – for those few that are not so often used.
beamtet
—official, on duty (be + Amt — post, service)
sie ist beamtet
verwitwet
— widowed (ver + Witwe)
sie (er) war seit zwei Jahren verwitwet
* betagt
— “the one whose day ends”, elderly (be + Tag — day)
hochbetagt (more common word)
— too old
ein betagter Rentner, ein hochbetagter Mann
bejahrt
— “the one whose years have come to an end”, old-aged (be + Jahr — year)
sie war schon bejahrt, als sie starb
* bemittelt
— wealthy, the one who has funds (be + Mitteln — funds)
sie ist das Kind bemittelter Eltern
beherzt
— courageous, brave, with heart (be + Herz – heart).
eine beherzte Frau rettete das Kind
gewitzt
— ingenious, clever (ge + Witz — wit)
еin gewitzter Junge
berühmt
— famous, ones who fame has (be + Ruhm — fame)
ein berühmter Schriftsteller
gelaunt
— in the mood, in spirits (ge + Laune — mood)
gut / schlecht gelaunt
verschämt
— shy, ashamed (ver + Scham — shame)
verschämt lacheln
verträumt
— dreamy, deep in dream (ver + Traum — dream)
Verträumter Blick
verhasst
— hated (ver + Hass — hate)
ein verhasstes Regime
entgeistert
— confused, without spirit (ent + Geist — spirit)
jmdn. entgeistert ansehen
verkatert
— with hangover (ver + Kater — hangover, male cat. Studen’s medical language – from Katarrh and with influence of Katzenjammer)
am nachsten Morgen war er verkatert
* verkopft
— big-headed, intelligent, with a head (ver + Kopf – head)
eine verkopfte Gesellschaft
verblümt and especially popular unverblümt
— first: hidden, in hints, allegorical, veiled (through flowers)
– respectively, the second: no offense, direct, open (“without flowers, as it is”)
verblümt reden
unverblümt die Wahrheit, Meinung sagen
beblümt
— covered with flowers (be + Blume — flower)
beblümter Stoff, beblümte Wiese
gepunktet
— covered by points (ge + Punkt — point)
ein gepunktetes Kleid
gestreift
— striped (ge + Streifen — strip)
ein gestreiftes Kleid
getigert
— striped like a tiger (ge + Tiger)
eine getigerte Katze
gemustert
—patterned (ge + Muster — pattern)
bunt gemusterter Stoff
geperlt
— pearl (ge + Perle)
geperlte Arm- und Beinringe
gefleckt
— spotted (ge + Fleck — spot)
das gefleckte Fell des Leoparden
gewürfelt
— diced (ge + Würfel — dice)
gewürfelt Bettbezüge
gestiefelt
— in Boots (ge + Stiefel — boot)
der Gestiefelte Kater
beanzugt
– in suit (be + Anzug – suit). It is not in the dictionary yet, but I meet it several times
ein beanzugter Mann
* bestrumpft
— in stockings (be + Strumpf — stockings)
ein bestrumpftes Bein
* bemützt
— in a hat (be + Mütze — hat)
in der Form von bemützten Zwergen
* behelmt
— with helmet (be + Helm — helmet)
die Feuerwehrleute waren behelmt
behandschuht
— в перчатках (be + Handschuh)
ihre kleine, behandschuhte Hand
* befranst
— fringed (be + Franse — fringe)
eine befranste Tasche
* gezähnt
— serrated, toothed (ge + Zahn – tooth)
gezähnte Blatter
verrunzelt
— wrinkled (ver + Runzel — wrinkle)
eine verrunzelte Stirn
* bebartet
— bearded, with a beard (be + Bart — beard)
sein Kinn ist schwarz bebartet
* bezopft
— with Braid (be + Zopf — Braid)
* bemähnt
— with mane (be + Mähne — mane)
bemahnte Jugendliche
* zernarbt
— with scars (zer + Narbe — scar)
sein Gesicht ist zernarbt
* vermottet
— moth-eaten (ver + Motten — moth)
geharnischt
— aggressive, warlike, vigorous (ge + Harnisch — armor, weapons, in Harnisch bringen — to piss off)
einen geharnischten Brief schicken
benachbart
— neighboring, (be + Nachbar — neighbor)
eine benachbarte Stadt, Straße
gewillkürt
— legal. adopted by agreement of the parties or by an decision of one party (ge + Willkür — arbitrariness)
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